Practical Grammar summary #1

Title : Verb Tenses

By :   Group 1

1. Muafiqi Ahya
2. Romario Dwiki Syahputra
3. Sabila Sinta Nuriya
4. Syariatul Ilmi

1. Simple Tenses

• Simple present

      Definition : Expresses events or situations that exist always, usually, habitually

      Example : Ben works in here

• Simple past

      Definition : At one particular time in the past, this happened. It began and ended in the past.

      Example : Ben worked in here

• Simple future

      Definition : At one particular time in the future, this will happen.

      Example : Ben will work in here

2. Progressive Tenses

    Definition : Give the idea that an action is in progress during a particular time. The tenses say that an action begins before, is in progress during, and continue after another time or action. Form : be + -ing (present participle)

• Present progressive

          Example : Ben is working right now

• Past progressive

          Example : Ben was working last night

• Future progressive

          Example : Ben will be working tomorrow

3. Perfect Tenses

    Definition : Give the idea that one thing happens before another time or event. Form : have + past participle

• Present perfect

          Example : Ben has already worked

• Past perfect

          Example : Ben had already worked when you came

• Future perfect

          Example : Ben will have worked when you come

4. Perfect Progressive Tenses

    Definition : Give the idea that one event is in progress immediately before, up to, until another time or event. The tenses are used to express the duration of the first event. Form : have + been + -ing (present participle)

• Present perfect progressive

          Example : Ben has been working for five hours

• Past perfect progressive

          Example : Ben had been working for five hours before you came

• Future perfect progressive

          Example : Ben will have been working for five hours

5. Spelling of -ing and -ed forms

• Verbs that end in a consonant and -e

           Examples : hope - hoping - hoped, date - dating - dated

          Explanation : -ing form : If the word ends in -e. drop the -e and add -ing. -ed form : If the word ends in a consonant and -e, just add -d.

• Verbs that end in a vowel and consonant

       Examples : stop - stopping - stopped*, rain - raining - rained** (One syllable). listen - listening - listened***, control - controlling - controlled****

        Explanation : 1 vowel → 2 consonants(*), 2 vowels → consonant(**). 1 syllable stressed → 2 consonant(***), 2 syllable stressed → 1 consonant(****)

• Verbs that end in two consonants 

           Examples : start - starting - started, fold - folding - folded

           Explanation : If the word ends in two consonants, just add the ending.

• Verbs that end in -y

           Examples : enjoy - enjoying - enjoyed*, try - trying - tried**

         Explanation : If-y is preceded by a vowel, keep the-y(*). If -y is preceded by a consonant : -ing from : keep the -y, add -ing while -ed form : change - to -, add -ed

• Verbs that end in -ie

           Examples : die - dying - died, lie - lying - lied.

           Explanation : -ing form Change -ie to -y, add -ing. -ed form : add -d